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1.
Salud mil ; 41(1): e501, abr. 2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1531262

ABSTRACT

El macizo facial es una región anatómica compleja que alberga órganos sensoriales. El desarrollo de una enfermedad oncológica, así como su tratamiento, causan defectos funcionales y estéticos con un alto costo físico y psíquico para el paciente y su entorno. Es por ello que la reconstrucción representa un reto. Las diferentes posibilidades incluyen prótesis obturatríces, colgajos libres, pediculados o microvascularizados. En este artículo se describirá el colgajo de músculo temporal y se desarrolla un caso clínico de cirugía oncológica maxilar reconstruido mediante éste en un paciente que presenta una lesión exofítica en cuadrante superior derecho, que se extiende sobre el flanco vestibular, reborde alveolar y zona palatina, desde zona de premolares hasta la zona del segundo molar inclusive, impidiéndole usar la prótesis dental. Esta cirugía es una técnica económica, que requiere menor tiempo quirúrgico que otras técnicas, asociándose a poco porcentaje de fracaso y pocas complicaciones post operatorias.


The facial mass is a complex anatomical region that houses sensory organs. The development of an oncologic disease, as well as its treatment, causes functional and esthetic defects with a high physical and psychological cost for the patient and his environment. This is why reconstruction represents a challenge. The different possibilities include obturator-root prostheses, free, pedicled or microvascularized flaps. In this article the temporal muscle flap will be described and a clinical case of maxillary oncologic surgery reconstructed by means of it is developed in a patient who presents an exophytic lesion in the right upper quadrant, which extends over the vestibular flank, alveolar ridge and palatal area, from the premolar area up to and including the second molar area, preventing him from using the dental prosthesis. This surgery is an economical technique that requires less surgical time than other techniques, and is ass


A massa facial é uma região anatômica complexa que abriga órgãos sensoriais. O desenvolvimento de uma doença oncológica, assim como seu tratamento, causa defeitos funcionais e estéticos com alto custo físico e psicológico para o paciente e seu ambiente. A reconstrução é, portanto, um desafio. As diferentes possibilidades incluem as próteses de raiz obturadora, abas livres, pediculadas ou microvascularizadas. Este artigo descreve o retalho muscular temporal e descreve um caso clínico de cirurgia oncológica maxilar reconstruída utilizando-o em um paciente com lesão exofítica no quadrante superior direito, estendendo-se pelo flanco vestibular, rebordo alveolar e área palatina, desde a área do pré-molar até a área do segundo molar inclusive, impedindo-o de utilizar a prótese dentária. Esta cirurgia é uma técnica econômica, que requer menos tempo cirúrgico que outras.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Temporal Muscle/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Maxillary Neoplasms/surgery , Free Tissue Flaps/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Maxillary Neoplasms/complications , Mandibular Reconstruction/methods
2.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 60(4)dic. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408211

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La cirugía es el tratamiento de elección que ofrece la curación a un grupo de pacientes afectados de cáncer pulmonar, aun así, la supervivencia global para todos los estadios a 5 años se mantiene baja. Objetivo: Caracterizar los pacientes operados de cáncer pulmonar en el período comprendido desde el 1ro de marzo del 2015 hasta el 1ro de agosto del 2020. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio, observacional, retrospectivo de corte transversal, para describir el comportamiento de la morbimortalidad quirúrgica de los pacientes portadores de cáncer pulmonar en el Hospital Provincial Universitario "Manuel Ascunce Domenech" de la ciudad de Camagüey, desde marzo del 2015 y agosto del 2020. El universo de estudio se conformó por 211 pacientes operados con diagnóstico de cáncer pulmonar. Resultados: La edad que predominó fue entre 61 a 70 años y el sexo masculino. El adenocarcinoma y el carcinoma epidermoide fueron los diagnósticos histológicos más frecuentes. La lobectomía superior derecha fue la resección que con más frecuencia se realizó, así como algún tipo de linfadenectomía mediastinal fue realizada en más de la mitad de los casos. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron las relacionadas con la fuga de aire. El índice de fallecidos fue bajo encontrándose las complicaciones cardiovasculares y el tromboembolismo pulmonar, las causas de mayor frecuencia. Conclusiones: La cirugía en el cáncer pulmonar es el tratamiento de elección en etapas tempranas con una baja morbilidad y mortalidad en pacientes que reúnan las condiciones de operabilidad(AU)


Introduction: Surgery is the treatment of choice that offers cure to a group of patients affected by pulmonary cancer; yet five-year overall survival for all stages remains low. Objective: To characterize the patients operated on for pulmonary cancer in the period from March 1, 2015 to August 1, 2020. Methods: An observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out to describe the behavior of surgical morbidity and mortality since March 2015 and August 2020 in patients with pulmonary cancer at Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Provincial Hospital in Camagüey City. The study universe was made up of 211 patients operated on with a diagnosis of pulmonary cancer. Results: There was a predominance of the age 61-70 years and the male sex. Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were the most frequent histological diagnoses. Right upper lobectomy was the most frequently performed resection, as well as some type of mediastinal lymphadenectomy, performed in more than half of the cases. The most frequent complications were those related to air leakage. The death rate was low, with cardiovascular complications and pulmonary thromboembolism being the most frequent causes. Conclusions: Surgery is the treatment of choice for pulmonary cancer in early stages, with low morbidity and mortality in patients who meet operability conditions(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Pneumonectomy/methods , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adenocarcinoma , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Observational Studies as Topic
3.
Rev. medica electron ; 42(5): 2398-2407, sept.-oct. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1144743

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Se presentó el caso de un paciente masculino de 60 años, blanco, que fue atendido en la Consulta de Oftalmología, del Hospital "Dr. Mario Muñoz", del municipio de Colón, provincia de Matanzas. Refirió que llevaba aproximadamente 20 días, con sensación de cuerpo extraño en el ojo izquierdo, enrojecimiento, secreción constante, fotofobia y una lesión que le había aumentado de tamaño durante este período; la que se tornaba dolorosa durante el parpadeo. Se decidió realizar este trabajo con el objetivo de mostrar los beneficios obtenidos al concluir el tratamiento aplicado a este tipo de tumor (AU).


ABSTRACT The authors present the case of a white male patient, aged 60 years, who assisted the Consultation of Ophthalmology of the Hospital "Dr. Mario Muñoz", of the municipality of Colon. He referred feeling a foreign body in the left eye for already 20 days, presence of redness, constant secretion, photophobia and a lesion that had grown during that period, painful when blinking. The authors decided to write this article with the objective of showing the benefits obtained with the applied treatment in this kind of tumor (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Signs and Symptoms , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology , Ophthalmology/methods , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Eye Foreign Bodies/complications , Eye Foreign Bodies/diagnosis , Risk Factors , Cornea/abnormalities , Photophobia/complications , Photophobia/diagnosis
4.
Dermatol. pediátr. latinoam. (En línea) ; 15(1): 20-28, ene.-mar. 2020. ilus
Article in Spanish | InstitutionalDB, LILACS, BINACIS, UNISALUD | ID: biblio-1348252

ABSTRACT

Caso clínico: femenino de 18 años con diagnóstico de epidermolisis ampollosa distrófica (EAD) quién desarrolló una neoformación nodular sobre una úlcera crónica. Se diagnosticó carcinoma epidermoide (CE) invasor al que se realizó resección. Sin embargo, 5 meses después del tratamiento quirúrgico presentó metástasis a ganglios, pulmón e hígado con desenlace fatal. Comentarios: el CE es la causa más importante de muerte en pacientes con EAD. Suele ser agresivo y metastásico. Se recomienda una vigilancia cada 3 a 6 meses para realizar diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos (AU)


Case report: 18-year-old female patient with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) who developed a tumor over a chronic ulcer. She was diagnosed with invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and underwent surgical resection. However, 5 months later she presented metastases to the lymph nodes, lung and liver with a fatal outcome. Comments: SCC is the most important cause of death in patients with DEB. It is usually aggressive and metastatic. Surveillance every 3 to 6 months is recommended for prompt diagnosis and treatment (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Skin Neoplasms/complications , Skin Ulcer/complications , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica/complications , Skin Neoplasms/surgery , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Chronic Disease , Inguinal Canal , Liver Neoplasms/secondary , Lung Neoplasms/secondary , Abdominal Neoplasms/secondary
5.
Rev. argent. coloproctología ; 31(1): 21-27, mar. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1102171

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El tratamiento del carcinoma anal escamoso (CAE) en los pacientes HIV positivos resulta controvertido. Si bien las guías actuales recomiendan realizar en los pacientes con buen estado inmunológico la quimiorradioterapia (QRT) concurrente estándar, algunos autores consideran que estos pacientes presentan mayor toxicidad y peores resultados a largo plazo, por lo que requerirían un abordaje diferente. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar los resultados del tratamiento del CAE en los pacientes VIH positivos y negativos. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo comparativo. Pacientes y métodos: Se revisaron retrospectivamente las historias clínicas de los pacientes tratados en el Sector Coloproctología, Hospital Fernández, entre 01/2007 y 10/2018. Los del conducto anal se dividieron en: Grupo I: VIH negativos y Grupo II: VIH positivos. Se compararon variables demográficas, factores de riesgo específicos, estadificación, QRT (drogas, toxicidad y respuesta), tratamiento quirúrgico curativo/paliativo, persistencia/recurrencia y supervivencia específica y global. Resultados: Se incluyeron 28 pacientes (18 mujeres); margen: 2, conducto: 26 (Grupo I: 15. Grupo II: 11). Los VIH positivos eran en su mayoría hombres que tienen sexo con hombres vs. 100% de mujeres VIH negativas (p<0,01), más jóvenes (45,2±0,9 vs. 63,6±8; p<0,01) y tabaquistas (82% vs. 27%; p=0,005). No hubo diferencia significativa en la estadificación, aunque el Grupo II tuvo tumores con complicaciones más severas. Pudieron completar el tratamiento: Grupo I: 93%, Grupo II: 64% (p<0,05). Tuvieron respuesta completa a la QRT 13/14 (93%) pacientes del Grupo I y 3/7 (43%) del Grupo II (p<0,01). Hubo 3 recurrencias, 2 locorregionales y 1 a distancia (p=NS). Los VIH positivos requirieron más cirugías (82% vs. 27%; p<0,01). A 5 pacientes (4 del Grupo II) se les realizó una resección abdominoperineal (RAP). Tuvieron colostomía definitiva, con o sin RAP, el 46% de los pacientes, la mayoría VIH positivos (82% vs. 27%; p=0,002). En los VIH positivos el RR de mortalidad por cáncer fue 4 (IC95%: 1,01-16,5; p=0,02) y el RR de mortalidad global fue 5,45 (IC95%: 1,42-20,8; p=0,002). Tuvieron menor supervivencia, tanto global (p=0,001) como libre de enfermedad (p=0,01). Mediana de seguimiento: 27 meses (4-216).Conclusiones: Los pacientes VIH positivos con CAE se diferenciaron de los VIH negativos en una menor tasa de respuesta completa a la QRT y una mayor necesidad de tratamiento quirúrgico. Además, tuvieron una supervivencia global y libre de enfermedad significativamente menor que los VIH negativos. (AU)


INTRODUCTION: The treatment of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in HIV-positive patients is controversial. Although current guidelines recommend performing standard concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with good immune status, some authors believe that these patients have greater toxicity and worse long-term results, so they would require a different approach. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of SCC treatment in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients.DESIGN: Comparative retrospective study.PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records of patients treated in the Coloproctology Section, Hospital Fernández, between 01/2007 and 10/2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Those of the anal canal were divided into: Group I: HIV-negative and Group II: HIV-positive. Demographic variables, specific risk factors, staging, CRT (drugs, toxicity, and response), curative/palliative surgical treatment, persistence/recurrence, and cancer-specific and global survival were compared.RESULTS: 28 patients (18 women), margin: 2, conduit: 26 (Group I: 15. Group II: 11). The HIV-positive were mostly men who have sex with men (vs. 100% HIV-negative women; p<0.01), younger (45.2 ± 0.9 vs. 63.6 ± 8; p<0.01) and smokers (82% vs. 27%; p=0.005). There was no significant difference in staging, although Group II had tumors with more severe complications. Completed the treatment: Group I: 93%, Group II: 64% of patients (p<0,05). Thirteen out of 14 (93%) patients in Group I, and 3/7 (43%) patients in Group II had a complete response to CRT (p<0.01). There were 3 recurrences, 2 loco-regional and 1 distance (p=NS). HIV-positive required more surgery (82% vs. 27%; p<0.01). 5 patients (4 of Group II) underwent an abdominal-perineal resection (APR). Forty six percent of patients had permanent colostomy, with or without APR, most of them were HIV-positive (82% vs. 27%; p=0.002). In HIV-positive patients, the RR of cancer mortality was 4 (95% CI: 1.01-16.5; p=0.02) and the RR of overall mortality was 5.45 (95% CI: 1.42-20, 8; p=0.002). They also had lower overall (p=0.001) and disease-free survival (p=0.01). Median follow-up: 27 months (4 - 216).CONCLUSION: HIV-positive patients with anal SCC were different from HIV-negative patients in that they had a lower complete response rate to CRT, and a greater need for surgical treatment. They had a significantly lower overall and disease-free survival than HIV-negative patients. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Anus Neoplasms/therapy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy , HIV Infections/complications , Chemoradiotherapy , Anus Neoplasms/surgery , Anus Neoplasms/complications , Anus Neoplasms/mortality , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality , Survival Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Proctectomy , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Neoplasm Staging
6.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 36(3): 102-103, 2020. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1400371

ABSTRACT

La epidermólisis ampollar es un raro trastorno hereditario caracterizado por fragilidad cutánea, formación de ampollas mucocutáneas recurrentes luego de un traumatismo mínimo y cicatrización deficiente de heridas. Además, algunas variantes se han asociado con la aparición de carcinomas espinocelulares. Presentamos el caso clínico de un paciente con epidermólisis ampollar, que presentó un extenso carcinoma espinocelular localizado en cara posterior de brazo. Este fue tratado con cirugía micrográfica de Mohs y el defecto quirúrgico resultante fue reparado aplicando una matriz de regeneración dérmica sobre la herida durante un mes. Posteriormente continuamos con curaciones y ungüento antibiótico sobre la herida dos veces al día, completando la cicatrización con un excelente resultado cosmético y funcional. Enfatizamos en el carácter novedoso de esta opción terapéutica y en su utilidad en pacientes con epidermólisis ampollar.


Epidermolysis bullosa is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by skin fragility, recurrent mucocutaneous blisters following minimal trauma, and compromised wound healing. Moreover, some variants have been associated with squamous cell carcinoma. Following, we present the clinical case of a patient with epidermolysis bullosa, who presented a large squamous cell carcinoma of the arm. It was resected using Mohs micrographic surgery, and the final defect was repaired by applying a dermal regeneration template over the wound for a month. After this period, we continued using cures and antibiotic ointment over the wound twice a day, and healing was completed with excellent cosmetic and functional results. We emphasize the novelty of this therapeutic option, and its usefulness in patients with epidermolysis bullosa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Skin Neoplasms/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Mohs Surgery/adverse effects , Epidermolysis Bullosa/surgery , Skin, Artificial , Arm , Skin Neoplasms/complications , Wound Healing , Wounds and Injuries , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Epidermolysis Bullosa/etiology , Skin Transplantation/methods
7.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 34(1): 138-142, jan.-mar. 2019. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-994619

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O retalho miocutâneo de peitoral maior é um dos mais usados na reconstrução de defeitos da cabeça e pescoço, porém com restrição ao terço médio da face. Com técnicas de dissecção de perfurantes, consegue-se alongar mais o pedículo, obtendo coberturas da região orbito-fronto-parietal. Relato de Caso: Paciente masculino de 63 anos apresentando carcinoma espinocelular invasivo pouco diferenciado, que após sua ressecção cirúrgica apresentou defeito final de 12,0 x 18,0cm na região órbito-fronto-parietal direita com exposição de dura-máter, seio frontal e órbita superior direita. Foi desenhado retalho de peitoral maior com ilha cutânea de dimensões iguais ao defeito na região paraesternal direita, desde o quarto espaço intercostal até a região subcostal (estendido). O pedículo foi seccionado após 4 semanas. A cobertura foi efetiva, sem complicações maiores e resultado estético satisfatório. Conclusão: Este retalho mostrou ser uma excelente opção para reconstrução do terço superior da cabeça quando existam limitações para a realização de microcirurgia.


Introdução: O retalho miocutâneo de peitoral maior é um dos mais usados na reconstrução de defeitos da cabeça e pescoço, porém com restrição ao terço médio da face. Com técnicas de dissecção de perfurantes, consegue-se alongar mais o pedículo, obtendo coberturas da região orbito-fronto-parietal. Relato de Caso: Paciente masculino de 63 anos apresentando carcinoma espinocelular invasivo pouco diferenciado, que após sua ressecção cirúrgica apresentou defeito final de 12,0 x 18,0cm na região órbito-fronto-parietal direita com exposição de dura-máter, seio frontal e órbita superior direita. Foi desenhado retalho de peitoral maior com ilha cutânea de dimensões iguais ao defeito na região paraesternal direita, desde o quarto espaço intercostal até a região subcostal (estendido). O pedículo foi seccionado após 4 semanas. A cobertura foi efetiva, sem complicações maiores e resultado estético satisfatório. Conclusão: Este retalho mostrou ser uma excelente opção para reconstrução do terço superior da cabeça quando existam limitações para a realização de microcirurgia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Surgical Flaps/surgery , Surgical Flaps/adverse effects , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/surgery , Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/diagnosis
8.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 27: e3168, 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1020700

ABSTRACT

Objetivo identificar a frequência do sintoma de fadiga e domínios afetados nos pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço em tratamento radioterápico, no início, meio e final do tratamento. Método estudo com delineamento quase experimental de corte longitudinal e prospectivo, envolvendo 60 pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço. Destaca-se que este artigo somente abordará os dados do Grupo Controle. As variáveis dependentes foram coletadas por meio de entrevista, utilizando a Escala de Fadiga de Piper - revisada, cujo instrumento multidimensional avalia os domínios global, comportamental, afetivo e sensorial/psicológico. A análise dos dados baseou-se em frequências absolutas e relativas. Resultados houve predomínio do sexo masculino, faixa etária de 41-60 anos, baixa escolaridade e em uso regular de álcool e cigarro. Todos os domínios da escala de fadiga tiveram seus escores aumentados, apresentando valores medianos de maior magnitude em Tempo 2 e Tempo 3, quando comparados aos valores em Tempo 1, indicando aumento nos níveis de fadiga no decorrer do tratamento radioterápico. Conclusão o sintoma de fadiga aumentou no decorrer do tratamento radioterápico, tendo todos os domínios afetados, com isso, ressalta-se a importância da avaliação ao longo do tratamento, por se tratar de um sintoma frequente e debilitante aos pacientes oncológicos.


Objective to identify the frequency of fatigue and domains affected in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiation therapy, at the beginning, middle and end of treatment. Method longitudinal and prospective study of quasi-experimental design, involving 60 patients with head and neck cancer. It should be highlighted that this article will address only the data of the Control Group. The dependent variables were collected through interview, using the revised Piper Fatigue Scale, which is a multidimensional instrument that assesses global, behavioral, affective and sensory/psychological domains. Data analysis was based on absolute and relative frequencies. Results there was a predominance of males, age group between 41-60 years, low level of education and in regular use of alcohol and cigarettes. All domains in the fatigue scale had their scores increased, presenting median values of greater magnitude in Time 2 and Time 3, when compared to the Time 1 values, indicating an increase in fatigue levels during radiation therapy. Conclusion fatigue increased in the course of the radiation therapy, having all domains affected. Therefore, its evaluation throughout the treatment is important, as fatigue is a common and debilitating symptom on cancer patients.


Objetivo identificar la frecuencia del síntoma de la fatiga y los dominios afectados en los pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello en tratamiento radioterápico, al inicio, medio y fin del tratamiento. Método estudio con diseño cuasiexperimental de corte longitudinal y prospectivo, que contó con la participación de 60 pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello. Se resalta que este artículo se limitará a abordar los datos del Grupo Control. Las variables dependientes se recopilaron por medio de entrevista, y la fatiga se valoró con la Escala de Fatiga de Piper (revisada), cuyo instrumento multidimensional valora los dominios global, comportamental, afectivo y sensorial/psicológico. El análisis de los datos se basó en frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados hubo predominio del sexo masculino, franja etaria entre 41 y 60 años, baja escolaridad y uso de alcohol y tabaco de forma regular. Todos los dominios de la escala de la fatiga tuvieron sus puntuaciones aumentadas, y presentaron valores medianos de mayor magnitud en Tiempo 2 y Tiempo 3, cuando se comparan con los valores en Tiempo 1, lo que indica un aumento en los niveles de fatiga en el transcurso del tratamiento radioterápico. Conclusión el síntoma de fatiga aumentó durante el tratamiento radioterápico, y todos los dominios se vieron afectados, con lo que se resalta la importancia de realizar la valoración a lo largo del tratamiento, por tratarse de un síntoma frecuente y que debilita a los pacientes oncológicos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/psychology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil , Surveys and Questionnaires , Fatigue/psychology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/complications
9.
Int. arch. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 22(4): 395-399, Oct.-Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-975602

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Critical weight loss is defined as an unintentional weight loss of ≥ 5% at 1 month or ≥ 10% at 6 months from the start of treatment. Critical weight loss leads to deterioration of the immune function and reduced tolerance to treatment (surgery ± radiochemotherapy) as well as increased complication rates. Objective Critical weight loss, defined as a weight loss of ≥ 5% after 1 month or ≥ 10% after 6 months from the start of treatment, is not uncommon in head and neck cancer patients. We aimed to assess the factors associated with critical weight loss during the treatment of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma patients. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed at the Aga Khan University Hospital, in Karachi, Pakistan, on 125 patients. Patients receiving adjuvant therapy were considered exposed, and the outcome was critical weight loss. Results The mean age of presentation was 46.9 ± 12.8 years in patients undergoing surgery and adjuvant therapy, with 119 (79.3%) of them being male and 31 (20.7%) female. One hundred and twelve patients (81.3%) developed critical weight loss at 6 months from the start of treatment, and the only significant variable associated with critical weight loss was the stage of the disease (p= 0.03). Conclusion A large proportion of patients with oral cancer developed critical weight loss requiring a need for intervention. The overall stage of the disease is a significant predictor of critical weight loss in patients undergoing treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Mouth Neoplasms/complications , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Weight Loss , Neck Dissection , Mouth Neoplasms/therapy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Cohort Studies , Enteral Nutrition , Malnutrition/etiology , Diet , Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant
10.
Autops. Case Rep ; 8(3): e2018035, July-Sept. 2018. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-911896

ABSTRACT

Papilloma associated with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) infection types 6 and 11, is the most common benign neoplasm of the larynx. The clinical features of RRP vary widely from mild to aggressive forms. RRP in children is known as juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP). Its outcome may be poor or even fatal due to the high rate of recurrence and eventual spread to the entire respiratory tract. Pulmonary invasion is reported to occur in 3.3% of patients with RRP, and malignant transformation in 0.5% of patients. We report the case of a 39-year-old female patient with a diagnosis of JORRP from the age of 3 years, with extensive bilateral pulmonary involvement and malignant transformation. Analysis of the papilloma and carcinomatous tissues revealed the presence of HPV type 11, which is associated with rapid and aggressive progression. We discussed the case on the basis of a literature review on pulmonary invasion, malignant transformation, and HPV 11 aggressiveness.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Lung Neoplasms/complications , Papillomavirus Infections/complications , Autopsy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Fatal Outcome , Human papillomavirus 11 , Papilloma/complications
11.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 33(1): 130-134, jan.-mar. 2018. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-883649

ABSTRACT

A hemicorporectomia ou amputação translombar foi primeiramente descrita em 1950 por Kredel como método curativo para neoplasia localmente avançada de pelve. Trata-se de um procedimento cirúrgico extenso, que quando bem indicado é capaz de prover a cura oncológica, além de possibilitar a melhora clínica e de qualidade de vida. Os autores apresentam o relato de caso de um paciente de 34 anos, com carcinoma espinocelular em úlcera de pressão crônica, acometendo períneo, glúteo e coxa posterior à direita. O paciente foi submetido à hemicorporectomia com reconstrução utilizando retalho subtotal da coxa esquerda. Observou-se boa evolução no pós-operatório e a utilização do retalho subtotal da coxa para fechamento da hemicorporectomia se mostrou como método seguro, eficiente e de técnica reprodutível.


Hemicorporectomy or translumbar amputation was first described in 1950 by Kredel to treat locally advanced pelvic neoplasia. This extensive surgical procedure can achieve oncological cure and improve clinical status and quality of life. The authors present a case report of a 34-yearold patient with squamous cell carcinoma in a chronic pressure ulcer affecting the right perineum, gluteus, and posterior thigh. The patient underwent hemicorporectomy with reconstructive surgery using a partial-thickness flap of the left thigh. The postoperative course was good, and the use of a partial-thickness flap of the thigh to close the hemicorporectomy proved to be safe, efficient, and reproducible.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , History, 21st Century , Osteomyelitis , Paraplegia , Surgical Flaps , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Pressure Ulcer , Hip , Amputation, Surgical , Osteomyelitis/surgery , Osteomyelitis/therapy , Paraplegia/surgery , Paraplegia/complications , Paraplegia/diagnosis , Surgical Flaps/surgery , Surgical Flaps/adverse effects , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Pressure Ulcer/surgery , Pressure Ulcer/physiopathology , Hip/surgery , Amputation, Surgical/methods
12.
Acta méd. costarric ; 60(1): 53-57, ene.-mar. 2018. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-886403

ABSTRACT

Resumen El cáncer es la segunda causa de muerte en Costa Rica y un alto porcentaje de pacientes con cáncer tiene dolor producto de su enfermedad. Diferentes estrategias permiten ofrecer alivio del dolor en aquellos casos de alta complejidad en los que el manejo médico no cumpla las metas de tratamiento. Se presenta un caso de un paciente con cáncer de esófago y dolor severo por cáncer refractario a manejo médico comprehensivo, por lo cual se ofreció tratamiento con terapia combinada (morfina, ziconotide, ropivacaína), mediante un sistema implantable de analgesia intratecal. Esta estrategia permitió obtener rápidamente un adecuado y sostenido control del dolor asociado a una mejoría de la funcionalidad del paciente. Se discuten los hallazgos clínicos y los estudios de imagen. En este caso la analgesia intratecal demostró ser una opción eficaz para tratar adecuadamente el dolor, en el contexto de un paciente con dolor severo por cáncer refractario a manejo médico comprehensivo. Es necesaria una aproximación multimodal del tratamiento del dolor y considerar esta técnica mínimamente invasiva en casos complejos de dolor por cáncer.


Abstract Cancer is the second cause of death in Costa Rica and a high percentage of cancer patients have pain due to their illness. Different strategies allow offering pain relief in high complexity cases in which medical management does not meet treatment goals. We present an illustrative case of a patient with esophageal cancer and severe cancer related pain refractory to comprehensive medical management. Intrathecal combination therapy (morphine, ziconotide, ropivacaine) was offered through an implantable intrathecal analgesia system. This strategy allowed obtaining quickly an adequate and sustained pain control with an improvement in patient's functional status. Clinical findings and imaging studies are discussed. In this case, intrathecal analgesia proved to be an effective option to adequately treat pain in a patient with severe cancer pain refractory to comprehensive medical management. A multimodal approach to cancer pain management is necessary and this minimally invasive technique should be considered in complex cases of cancer pain.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prostheses and Implants/statistics & numerical data , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Humerus/pathology , Costa Rica , Drug Therapy
13.
Rev. fac. cienc. méd. (Impr.) ; 15(1): 49-55, 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-947016

ABSTRACT

El carcinoma epidermoide es un tumor maligno, infiltrante y destructor, que origina metástasis por vía linfática, hemática e invasión directa; en la zona nasosinusal es relativamente poco frecuente. Objetivo: identificar las características clínicas de esta patología para el correcto abordaje y tratamiento. Presentación de caso clínico: paciente femenina con carcinoma epidermoide en senos paranasales, 36 años, procedente de Villa de San Antonio, Honduras. En febrero de 2016 acude al Hospital Colonial de Comayagua por una obstrucción nasal derecha, concomitante epistaxis recurrente con coágulos del lado derecho. Posteriormente se presentaron dos episodios graves de epistaxis; después es referida a la Consulta Externa del Hospital Escuela Universitario, donde se encontró a la exploración física: órbita inflamada del ojo derecho, acompañada de pérdida de la sensibilidad superficial y profunda del lado derecho de la cara. Se realizó estudio histopatológico, que reportó tejido conectivo infiltrado por nidos neoplásicos con características malignas, formando agregados con apariencia epitelial. Se diagnosticó carcinoma epidermoide en fosa nasal derecha y región pterigomaxilar. Finalizados los procedimientos quirúrgicos recibió a 37 días de radioterapia profiláctica, con control posterior en oncología del Hospital General San Felipe. Conclusión: ante un paciente que presenta sangrado nasal constante con obstrucción, lagrimeo y una masa en senos paranasales, se debe sospechar de una patología neoplásica de acuerdo a los tipos más frecuentes en el área anatómica de origen; por lo tanto, una vez identificado, se debe realizar biopsia y marcadores tumorales para establecer de forma oportuna diagnóstico, pronóstico, presencia de metástasis y el tratamiento a seguir.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Epistaxis/complications , Neuroma, Acoustic/diagnosis , Paranasal Sinuses
14.
São José dos Campos; s.n; 2018. 73 p. il., tab., graf..
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-905157

ABSTRACT

Tabaco e álcool são considerados os principais fatores de risco para o carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) bucal contribuindo de maneira desfavorável para o tratamento e desfecho clínico. Seus carcinógenos são metabolizados em duas fases, sendo a segunda fase realizada pelas Glutationa S-transferases (GSTs). O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a expressão gênica da forma selvagem dos genes GSTM1, GSTP1 e GSTT1 por qPCR em 33 amostras de CCE bucal de fumantes, ex-fumantes e não fumantes, e 15 controles em busca de uma correlação clínica com consumo de tabaco, álcool e estadiamento clínico. A dependência nicotínica foi avaliada pelo Teste de Fagerström pra Dependência a Cigarros (TFDC) e para consumo de etílicos o Teste AUDIT. Foi observado aumento da expressão de GSTM1 no Grupo CCE fumante em relação ao Grupo Controle (p=0,0161). Contrariamente, foi encontrada uma menor expressão de GSTT1 no Grupo CCE fumante em relação ao Grupo Controle fumante (p=0,0183). No grupo CCE fumante não foi encontrada uma correlação entre a expressão dos genes estudados e fatores ligados ao tabagismo, etilismo e estadiamento clinico. No grupo Controle fumante, houve correlação entre teste AUDIT e a expressão de GSTM1 (p=0,0000). Para GSTP1 e GSTT1 houve correlação entre a expressão quando comparada a idade do paciente (p=0,0008; p=0,0095), idade de inicio do tabagismo (p=0,0033; p=0,0081), TFDC (p=0,0102; p=0,0085) e AUDIT (p=0,0052; p=0,0219) respectivamente. Para GSTT1 foi encontrada uma correlação entre a expressão e número de cigarros/dia (p=0,0175). Concluímos que as formas selvagens das GSTs estudadas apresentaram uma alta expressão nas amostras de CCE bucal, entretanto, quantitativamente essa expressão foi baixa, com grande variabilidade interindividual. Outrossim, não houve uma correlação direta entre níveis de expressão, carga tabágica, TFDC, teste AUDIT e estadiamento clínico. O aumento da expressão de GSTM1 e GSTP1 parece não ter tido um efeito protetor. A baixa expressão de GSTT1 em pacientes fumantes com CCE bucal se mostrou um potencial marcador a ser avaliado em pacientes fumantes que ainda não desenvolveram uma neoplasia maligna(AU)


Tobacco and alcohol are considered to be the main risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), contributing to treatment and clinical outcome. Its carcinogens are metabolized in two phases, being the second phase carried out by Glutathione Stransferases (GSTs). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the wild-type gene expression of the GSTM1, GSTP1 and GSTT1 genes by qPCR in 33 samples of oral SCC from smokers, former smokers and nonsmokers, and 15 controls looking for a clinical correlation with tobacco and alcohol consumption and clinical staging. Nicotinic dependence was assessed by the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence (TFCD) and alcohol consumption by the AUDIT Test. Increased expression of GSTM1 in the Smoker SCC Group was observed in relation to the Control Group (p=0.0161). Conversely, a lower expression of GSTT1 was found in the smoker SCC group compared to the Smoker Control Group (p=0.0183). In the smoker SCC group, no correlation was found between the genes expression studied and factors related to smoking, alcoholism and clinical staging. In the Smoker Control Group, there was a correlation between the AUDIT test and the GSTM1 expression (p=0.0000). For GSTP1 and GSTT1, there was a correlation between the expression compared with the patient's age (p=0.0008, p=0.0095), age of starting smoking (p=0.0033, p=0.0081), FTCD (p=0.0102, p=0.0085) and AUDIT (p=0.0052, p=0.0219) respectively. For GSTT1 a correlation was found between expression and number of cigarettes/day (p=0.0175). We concluded that the wild forms of the GSTs studied presented a high expression in the samples of oral SCC; however, quantitatively this expression was low, with great interindividual variability. Also, there was no direct correlation between levels of expression, pack-years, FTCD, AUDIT Test and clinical stage. Increased expression of GSTM1 and GSTP1 appears to have had no protective effect. The low GSTT1 expression in smokers with oral SCC was shown to be a potential marker to be evaluated in smoker patients who have not yet developed a malignant neoplasm(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Mouth Neoplasms/ethnology , Carcinogenesis/drug effects , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Gene Expression/genetics , Xenobiotics/administration & dosage
15.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 83(6): 653-658, Nov.-Dec. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-889327

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Carotid blowout syndrome is an uncommon complication for patient treated by head and neck tumors, and related to a high mortality rate. Objective: The aim of this study was to study the risk of carotid blowout in a large cohort of patients treated only by larynx cancer. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients older than 18 years, treated by larynx cancer who developed a carotid blowout syndrome in a tertiary academic centre. Results: 197 patients met the inclusion criteria, 192 (98.4%) were male and 5 (1.6%) were female. 6 (3%) patients developed a carotid blowout syndrome, 4 patients had a carotid blowout syndrome located in the internal carotid artery and 2 in the common carotid artery. According to the type of rupture, 3 patients suffer a type I, 2 patients a type III and 1 patient a type II. Five of those patients had previously undergone radiotherapy and all patients underwent total laryngectomy. We found a statistical correlation between open surgical procedures (p = 0.004) and radiotherapy (p = 0.023) and the development of a carotid blowout syndrome. Conclusion: Carotid blowout syndrome is an uncommon complication in patients treated by larynx tumours. According to our results, patient underwent radiotherapy and patients treated with open surgical procedures with pharyngeal opening have a major risk to develop this kind of complication.


Resumo Introdução: A síndrome da ruptura da carótida é uma complicação incomum no paciente em tratamento para tumores de cabeça e pescoço, relacionada com uma alta taxa de mortalidade. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi estudar o risco de ruptura da carótida em uma grande coorte de pacientes tratados isoladamente por um câncer de laringe. Método: Análise retrospectiva de pacientes com mais de 18 anos, tratados por câncer de laringe em um centro de assistência terciária, que desenvolveram a síndrome da ruptura da carótida. Resultados: Ao todo, 197 pacientes atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, 192 (98,4%) eram do sexo masculino e 5 (1,6%) eram do sexo feminino. 6 (3%) desenvolveram síndrome da ruptura da carótida, 4 tiveram síndrome da ruptura da carótida localizada na artéria carótida interna e 2 na artéria carótida comum. De acordo com o tipo de ruptura, 3 pacientes apresentaram síndrome da ruptura da carótida tipo I, 2 pacientes, síndrome da ruptura da carótida Tipo III e um tipo II. Cinco desses pacientes haviam sido previamente tratados com radioterapia e todos os pacientes foram submetidos a laringectomia total. Encontrou-se uma correlação estatística entre procedimentos cirúrgicos abertos (p = 0,004) e radioterapia (p = 0,023) e o desenvolvimento de síndrome da ruptura da carótida. Conclusão: A síndrome de ruptura da carótida é uma complicação rara em pacientes tratados para tumores de laringe. De acordo com nossos resultados, pacientes submetidos a radioterapia e pacientes tratados com procedimentos cirúrgicos abertos com abertura da faringe apresentam um risco maior de desenvolver essa complicação.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Laryngeal Neoplasms/complications , Carotid Artery Injuries/etiology , Neck Dissection/adverse effects , Syndrome , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy , Laryngeal Neoplasms/surgery , Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Laryngeal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Carotid Artery Injuries/surgery , Endovascular Procedures , Neoplasm Staging
16.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 48(2): 208-210, April.-June 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-839387

ABSTRACT

Abstract This communication reports the second known case of oral phaeohyphomycosis in a patient with squamocellular carcinoma of the lip. The patient, an 82-year-old black woman, a former smoker (for more than 30 years), suffering from an ulcerous vegetative lesion in the middle third of the lower lip for approximately 12 months. The result of the histopathological analysis indicated carcinoma, with well-differentiated keratinized squamous cells and the presence of septate mycelial filaments. In the direct mycological examination, thick and dematiaceous septate mycelial filaments were observed. After the resection surgery, the patient did not need to use an antifungal drug to treat the phaeohyphomycosis, and no follow-up radiotherapy was needed to treat the squamocellular carcinoma. We stress that the presence of the squamocellular lesion of the lip was a possible contributing factor to the infection.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Lip Neoplasms/complications , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Phaeohyphomycosis/diagnosis , Phaeohyphomycosis/pathology , Lip/pathology , Brazil , Lip Neoplasms/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Microbiological Techniques , Treatment Outcome , Phaeohyphomycosis/surgery , Histocytochemistry , Lip/surgery , Microscopy
17.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 42(3): 431-437, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-785717

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction and Objective Radical cystectomy (RC) with pelvic lymph node dissection is the standard treatment for muscle invasive bladder cancer and the oncologic outcomes following it are directly related to disease pathology and surgical technique. Therefore, we sought to analyze these features in a cohort from a Brazilian tertiary oncologic center and try to identify those who could negatively impact on the disease control. Patients and Methods We identified 128 patients submitted to radical cystectomy, for bladder cancer treatment, from January 2009 to July 2012 in one oncology tertiary referral public center (Mario Penna Institute, Belo Horizonte, Brazil). We retrospectively analyzed the findings obtained from their pathologic report and assessed the complications within 30 days of surgery. Results We showed similar pathologic and surgical findings compared to other large series from the literature, however our patients presented with a slightly higher rate of pT4 disease. Positive surgical margins were found in 2/128 patients (1.5%). The medium number of lymph nodes dissected were 15. Major complications (Clavien 3 to 5) within 30 days of cystectomy occurred in 33/128 (25.7%) patients. Conclusions In the management of invasive bladder cancer, efforts should focus on proper disease diagnosis and staging, and, thereafter, correct treatment based on pathologic findings. Furthermore, extended LND should be performed in all patients with RC indication. A critical analysis of our complications in a future study will help us to identify and modify some of the factors associated with surgical morbidity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/surgery , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology , Cystectomy/methods , Lymph Node Excision/methods , Pelvis , Postoperative Complications , Prognosis , Time Factors , Biopsy , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/complications , Brazil , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/complications , Adenocarcinoma/surgery , Adenocarcinoma/complications , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Cystectomy/adverse effects , Retrospective Studies , Operative Time , Lymph Node Excision/adverse effects , Lymph Nodes/surgery , Middle Aged
18.
Rev. Assoc. Paul. Cir. Dent ; 70(2): 156-163, abr.-jun. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-797067

ABSTRACT

Este artigo refere-se à uma revisão sobre o carcinoma de células escamosas de cabeça e pescoço (HNSCC), o qual está envolvido em cerca de 90% dos cânceres de cabeça e pescoço,originado do revestimento escamoso da superfície das mucosas do trato aero digestivo superior,incluindo cavidade oral, faringe, laringe e trato sino nasal. Atualmente, o HNSCC apresenta-se como o sexto tipo de câncer mais comum no mundo, sendo que apenas 50% dos pacientes permanecem vivos por 5 anos, após o diagnóstico. Devido à sua distribuição acelerada e alta prevalência, este tipo de câncer tornou-se, nas últimas décadas, uma das principais ameaças para a saúde pública. Seu desenvolvimento e progressão vem ganhando um destaque especial,considerando-se as novas descobertas relacionadas à instabilidade no cerne da genômica e epigenômica, metabolômica, remodelamento celular e fatores de risco associados, principalmente com o envolvimento de infecções virais e, mais recentemente, aos aspectos imunológicos inerentes ao microambiente tumoral (TME), principalmente o perfil celular (fibroblastos associados ao câncer, linfócitos T reguladores, linfócitos e macrófagos com perfil imunossupressorTh2 e M2, respectivamente e neutrófilos associados ao tumor) e o perfil humoral (quimiocinas, citocinas imunossupressoras tais como TGF-B, IL-13, IL-10, proteínas responsáveis pela quebrada matrix extracelular–metaloproteases e fatores que contribuem para o desenvolvimento e progressão tumoral mediados pela angiogênese, tais como EGF e VEGF). Nos próximos anos, a compreensão da imunobiologia do HNSCC será paralelamente acompanhada de importantes avanços na detecção precoce de pacientes de alto risco, baseada na identificação de biomarcadores,na manipulação do sistema imune e na compreensão da farmacogenômica.


This article refers to a review about head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which involves about 90% of all head and neck cancers, originated from the squamous lining of the upperaero digestive tract, including the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and sinonasal tract. Currently, it is known as the 6th most common cancer in the world and only 50% of patients will remain alive for5 years post-diagnosis. Due to its accelerated spreading and its high occurrence, this kind of cancerhas become, in the last decades, one of the major threats to public health. Its development and progression has been gaining special attention, considering the new findings associated to the coreinstability of genetic and epigenetic, metabolomics, cellular remodeling and associated risk factors,especially with the involvement of viral infections and, more recently, to the immunological aspects inherent from the tumor microenvironment (TME) particularly cell profiles (fibroblast associated with cancer, regulatory T cells, lymphocytes, and macrophages with immuno suppressive profile Th2and M2, respectively, and neutrophils associated with tumor) and humoral profile (chemokines, immuno suppressive cytokines such as TGF-B, IL-13, IL-10, proteins responsible for the breakdown of extracellular matrix- metallo proteinase and factors that contribute to the development and tumor progression mediated by angiogenesis, such as EGF and VEGF). In the upcoming years, under standing the immunobiology of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma will be accompanied simultaneous ly by important advances in the early detection of high-risk patients, based on the identification of biomarkers,on the manipulation of the immune system and on the understanding of the pharmacogenomics.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/classification , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Immunotherapy/methods , Immunotherapy , Tumor Microenvironment/physiology
19.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 24: e2707, 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-961053

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: estimate the prevalence of anxiety in laryngectomy patients in the pre and postoperative periods and its relation with the self-care level. Method: observational research of 40 patients with stage IV laryngeal cancer. Three observations took place: in the preoperative phase, at seven and at 14 days after the surgery; between June 2010 and December 2012. Two self-care levels were defined: self-sufficient and needing help for activities of daily living and treatment-related activities. To assess the anxiety levels, Zigmond's hospital anxiety scale (1983) was used. Results: in the preoperative and postoperative phases, the patients presented high levels of anxiety. Concerning self-care, on average, self-sufficient patients presented lower levels of anxiety than patients who needed help to accomplish activities of daily living and activities deriving from the surgery, without significant differences. Conclusion: anxiety is present at all times in laryngectomy patients and the reduction of the self-care deficit seems to decrease it, without putting a permanent end to it.


Resumo Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de ansiedade do paciente laringectomizado no pré-operatório e pós-operatório e sua relação com o nível de autocuidado. Método: pesquisa observacional de 40 pacientes com câncer da laringe estágio IV. Foram realizadas 3 observações: no pré-operatório, a 7 e 14 dias pós-operatório, no período de junho de 2010 a dezembro de 2012. Dois níveis de autocuidado foram definidos: autossuficientes e precisar ajuda para as atividades da vida diária e relacionadas ao tratamento. Para avaliar a ansiedade, foi utilizada a escala de ansiedade hospitalar de Zigmond (1983). Resultados: no pré-operatório e pós-operatório, os pacientes apresentaram níveis elevados de ansiedade. Com relação ao autocuidado, os pacientes autossuficientes apresentaram na média níveis inferiores de ansiedades que os pacientes que precisavam de ajuda para realizar as atividades da vida diária y as derivadas da cirurgia, sem chegar a ser significativas estas diferenças. Conclusão: a ansiedade está presente a todo momento no paciente laringectomizado e a diminuição do déficit de autocuidados parece diminuí-la sem acabar definitivamente com ela.


Resumen Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de ansiedad del paciente laringectomizado, en el preoperatorio y postoperatorio y su relación con el nivel de autocuidados. Método: investigación observacional de 40 pacientes con cáncer de laringe estadio IV. Se realizaron 3 observaciones: en el preoperatorio, a los 7 y 14 días del postoperatorio; en el periodo junio 2010 a diciembre de 2012. Se definieron dos niveles de autocuidados: autosuficientes y necesitar ayuda para las actividades de la vida diaria y derivadas del tratamiento; para evaluar la ansiedad se utilizó la escala de ansiedad hospitalaria de Zigmond (1983). Resultados: en el preoperatorio y postoperatorio los pacientes presentaron niveles elevados de ansiedad. En relación a los autocuidados, los pacientes autosuficientes presentaron en media niveles más bajos de ansiedad que los pacientes que necesitaban ayuda para realizar las actividades de la vida diaria y las derivadas de la cirugía, sin llegar a ser significativas estas diferencias Conclusión: la ansiedad está presente en todo momento en el paciente con laringectomia y la disminución del déficit de autocuidados parece disminuirla sin terminar definitivamente con ella.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anxiety/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Self Care , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Laryngeal Neoplasms/surgery , Laryngectomy/psychology , Anxiety/etiology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Laryngeal Neoplasms/complications , Prevalence , Laryngectomy/methods
20.
São Paulo; s.n; 2016. 91 p. ilus, tab. (BR).
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-867901

ABSTRACT

A radioterapia para tratamento das neoplasias malignas em região de cabeça e pescoço é acompanhada de diversas complicações, decorrentes do comprometimento dos tecidos radiossensíveis localizados próximos ao tumor. Entre essas complicações a mucosite é a que merece maior destaque. A mucosite é uma reação tóxica inflamatória da mucosa oral causada pelo tratamento citorredutivo induzido pela radioterapia (RT) ou pela quimioterapia (QT). Ela manifesta-se com sinais de edema, eritema, úlcera e formação pseudomembrana, resultando em sintomas de ardência, que pode progredir para dor intensa e consequente prejuízo na alimentação e comunicação verbal. Infecções bacterianas, fúngicas ou virais podem acometer a mucosa bucal irradiada e exacerbar a manifestação da mucosite oral por meio da ativação de fatores de transcrição da resposta inflamatória. Existem poucos dados na literatura sobre a participação dos herpesvirus humanos na mucosite oral induzida pela radioterapia. A proposta desse trabalho foi avaliar a excreção oral dos herpesvirus humanos (HSV-1, HSV-2, EBV, CMV, VZV, HHV6, HHV7 e HHV8) e sua possível associação com o desenvolvimento e agravamento da mucosite oral, em pacientes diagnosticados com carcinoma epidermoide (CEC) de boca e orofaringe, submetidos à radioterapia associado à quimioterapia. Nesse estudo foram analisadas 158 amostras de lavado bucal, de 20 pacientes, submetidos à radioterapia para CEC em região de cabeça e pescoço, coletadas semanalmente, durante todo o tratamento. Foi realizada a extração do DNA dessas amostras e em seguida sua amplificação através da PCR utilizando dois conjuntos de primers: HSVP1/P2 para os subtipos HSV-1, HSV-2, EBV, CMV e HHV-8 e o VZVP1/P2 para os subtipos VZV, HHV-6 e HHV-7


As amostras positivas foram submetidas à digestão enzimática com enzimas de restrição BamHI e BstUI para determinação específica de cada um dos oito herpesvirus. Foi também avaliada clinicamente, a mucosite oral, em cada uma das coletas, seguindo os critérios da OMS e NCIC. As análises da amostra mostraram a excreção do EBV, HHV-6 e HHV-7, em todas as semanas de tratamento radioterápico, enquanto que a excreção do HSV1 não pode ser observada no momento da triagem. Considerando-se todos os períodos em conjunto (Triagem, semanas de radioterapia e Controle), a maior frequência foi de pacientes que excretaram EBV (55,0%), seguida daqueles que excretaram HHV-7 (20,5%). A frequência de excreção de EBV foi significativamente maior do que a dos demais vírus (Teste ?2, p<0.001 para todos os cruzamentos). A frequência de excreção de HHV-7 foi significativamente maior do que a de HSV-1 (5,9%) e HHV-6 (5,5%) (Teste ?2, p=0.001 para ambos os cruzamentos). Não houve diferenças estatísticas significantes entre as frequências de HSV-1 e HHV-6. Como conclusão, verificou-se uma correlação positiva entre a excreção oral do EBV e a presença de mucosite induzida pela associação de radioterapia e quimioterapia com graus >=2, sobretudo se considerarmos as três últimas semanas de radioterapia, período este em que a severidade da mucosite foi estatisticamente maior. Esses achados nos possibilitam inferir que o ambiente inflamatório local de mucosites com grau >=2 seja mais favorável para excreção oral do EBV.


The radiotherapy (RT) treatment for head and neck tumors is accompanied by various complications resulting from the damage of the radiosensitive tissues located close to the tumor. Among these complications, mucositis is the one that deserves a special attention. Mucositis is an inflammatory toxic reaction of the oral mucosa caused by cytoreductive treatment induced by radiotherapy (RT) or chemotherapy (QT). The clinical manifestations of mucositis are: edema, erythema, ulcers and pseudo membrane formation, resulting in symptoms of burning, which may progress to severe pain and consequent loss in deglutition and verbal communication. The development of bacterial, fungal or viral infections, may affect the oral mucosa that has been irradiated, exacerbating the manifestation of oral mucositis through the activation of transcription factors of the inflammatory response. There are few data in the literature on the participation of human herpesvirus in oral mucositis caused by radiotherapy treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the oral excretion of human herpesvirus (HSV-1, HSV-2, EBV, CMV, VZV, HHV6, HHV7 and HHV-8) and its possible association with the development and aggravation of oral mucositis, in patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (CEC) of oral cavity and oropharynx, undergoing radiotherapy treatment associated with chemotherapy. On our study, we analyzed 158 oral rinsing samples, collected weekly, from 20 patients during the whole radiotherapy treatment for squamous cell carcinoma in head and neck. From these samples, we extracted the DNA and afterwards we amplified them with PCR using two sets of primers: HSVP1/P2 for the subtypes HSV-1, HSV-2, EBV, CMV, and HHV-8 and VZVP1/P2 for the subtypes VZV, HHV 6, and HHV-7.


The positive samples were subjected to enzymatic digestion with BamHI and BstUI restriction enzymes for specific determination of each one, of the eight's herpesvirus. It has also been clinically evaluated in each time, the oral mucositis, following the WHO and NCIC criteria. The analysis of the sample showed the excretion of EBV, HHV-6 and HHV-7, in all the weeks of radiotherapy, whereas the excretion of HSV-1 could not be observed during screening. Considering all periods together (Screening, weeks of radiotherapy and Follow up), the highest frequency was of patients with EBV excretion (55.0%), followed by those with HHV-7 excretion (20.5%).


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Stomatitis/complications , Stomatitis/diagnosis , Herpesvirus 1, Human/growth & development , Herpesvirus 1, Human/physiology , Radiotherapy/methods , Radiotherapy
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